Delivered on 20 January 1961, Kennedy’s inaugural address sets out the principles he intended to guide his presidency at the height of the Cold War. He presents the United States as committed to liberty and democratic alliances while warning potential adversaries that it would defend its interests. At the same time, he calls for negotiation, arms control and renewed efforts to reduce the dangers of nuclear conflict.

The speech also places responsibility on citizens as well as governments. Kennedy urges Americans to contribute actively to public life, culminating in his appeal to ask what they can do for their country. Internationally, he extends a similar call for cooperation against poverty, disease and tyranny. The address combines firmness towards geopolitical rivals with an emphasis on diplomacy, collective action and public service, presenting national strength and civic obligation as closely connected.