Franklin advises paying attention to the behaviour of other people while examining one’s own conduct even more closely. Observing others can provide useful lessons about character, judgement and consequences, but self-observation is particularly important because people may find it easier to notice faults in others than to recognise similar weaknesses in themselves.

The saying therefore places self-awareness at the centre of practical judgement. It does not discourage learning from other people or forming reasonable assessments of their behaviour. Rather, it suggests that scrutiny should begin with one’s own motives, habits and actions. Franklin’s broader lesson is that careful self-examination can help expose inconsistencies, correct faults and improve judgement. Watching others may offer examples, but understanding oneself requires the greater share of attention.