Delivered to the Springfield Washington Temperance Society in 1842, the address examines why the temperance movement had recently gained support. Lincoln argues that reformed drinkers are especially effective advocates because their experience gives them credibility and sympathy. He contrasts their approach with earlier campaigns that relied on denunciation, warning that public condemnation often hardens opposition rather than changing conduct.

Lincoln presents alcohol dependence as a condition shaped by custom, appetite and social influence, rather than evidence of moral inferiority. He calls for “kind, unassuming persuasion”, practical support and hope for recovery. He also asks people who do not drink to sign the temperance pledge, arguing that their example can strengthen those attempting to abstain.

The address concludes by linking temperance with wider ideas of liberty and human progress. Lincoln describes reason and self-command as forces capable of overcoming destructive appetites, while presenting reform as a peaceful means of reducing hardship.