Wealth, published in 1860 as part of The Conduct of Life, examines the creation, use and meaning of material prosperity. Emerson considers labour, trade, property, skill and natural resources, arguing that wealth depends not only on possession but also on the ability to recognise and use opportunities effectively.

He treats economic activity as closely connected with character and practical intelligence. Productive individuals convert knowledge, work and resources into useful results, while poor judgement or dependence can weaken material independence. At the same time, Emerson does not present wealth as the highest human aim and distinguishes economic success from broader measures of worth.

The essay combines observations about commerce with Emerson’s wider philosophy of self-reliance and capability. Wealth appears as a form of practical power whose value depends partly on how intelligently and responsibly it is acquired and used.