Marie Curie
Physicist and chemist · 1867–1934
Pioneering researcher on radioactivity who discovered polonium and radium and won two Nobel Prizes.
Marie Skłodowska Curie was a Polish-born physicist and chemist whose research helped establish the scientific study of radioactivity. Born in Warsaw, she moved to Paris in 1891 to study at the Sorbonne. Working with her husband, Pierre Curie, she investigated uranium radiation and in 1898 announced the discovery of two new elements, polonium and radium.
Curie shared the 1903 Nobel Prize in Physics with Pierre Curie and Henri Becquerel, becoming the first woman to receive a Nobel Prize. In 1911 she received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for her work on radium and polonium, making her the first person to win Nobel Prizes in two scientific fields. During the First World War, Curie helped develop mobile X-ray units for treating wounded soldiers. She later directed research at the Radium Institute in Paris. Curie died in 1934 from aplastic anaemia, associated with prolonged exposure to radiation.
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An account of Marie Curie’s early research on radioactivity, the isolation of radium, its properties, medical uses, and scientific significance.
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