Simplicity is the ultimate sophistication.
The saying presents simplicity as the result of refinement rather than as the absence of effort. A design, explanation or system may appear simple because unnecessary elements have been removed and the essential parts have been organised clearly. In that sense, achieving simplicity can require considerable judgement and understanding.
The idea is often applied to art, engineering, communication and product design, where clarity and economy can make something easier to understand or use. Simplicity does not necessarily mean reducing everything to the minimum; it can instead mean retaining what is necessary while avoiding needless complexity.
The quotation is widely attributed to Leonardo da Vinci, but there is no reliable primary or secondary source establishing that he wrote or said it. It should therefore be treated as an uncertain or unsupported attribution rather than as a securely documented statement by Leonardo.